Based on a systematic platform we will generate polymeric nanoparticles, which effectively translocate across gastrointestinal barriers and target macrophages as main pro-inflammatory cells within the mucosa. For this purpose, polymer nanoparticles of different size and, in particular, of controlled anisotropic shape are modified with targeting ligands to enhance translocation efficacy and to maximize the adherence as well as uptake into the desired cells. The nanosized diameter guarantees an efficient translocation through mucus and epithelium, while the increased lengths and surface area favors the adhesion to the macrophages in mucosal layer.